What Habermas requires from the arts and the experiences they provide is, in short, to bridge the gap between cognitive, ethical,and political discourses, thus opening the way to a unity of experience.
Realism
In the diverse invitation to suspend artistic experimentation , there is an identical call for order, a desire for unity, for identity, for security, or popularity.
The use of categories in aesthetic judgment would thus be of the same nature as in cognitive judgment.
Such realism accommodates all tendencies, just as capital accommodates all "needs" , providing that the tendencies and needs have purchasing power.
Artistic and literary research is doubly threatened, once by the "cultural policy" and once by the art and book market.
The objects and the thoughts which originate in scientific knowledge and the capitalist economy convey with them one of the rules which supports their possibility : the rule that there is no reality unless testified by a consensus between partners over a certain knowledge and certain commitments.
Modernity, in whatever age it appears, cannot exist without a shattering of belief and without discovery of the " lack of reality" of reality , together with the invention of other realities.
The sublime is a different sentiment. It takes place, on the contrary, when the imagination fails to present an object which might, if only in principle, come to match a concept.
To make visible that there is something which can be conceived and which can neither be seen nor made visible: this is what is at stake in modern painting...it will enable us to see only by making it impossible to see; it will please only by causing pain.
Postmodernism
Is is undoubtedly a part of the modern. All that has been received, if only yesterday , must be suspected. ... A work can become modern only if it is first postmodern. Postmodernism thus understood is not modernism at it's end but in the nascent state, and this state is constant.
The postmodernism would be that which, in the modern, put forward the unpresentable in the presentation itself; that which denies itself the solace of good forms,... A postmodern artist and writer is in the position of a philosophy: the text he writes, the work he produces are not in principle governed by reestablished rules, and they can not be judged according to a determining judgment, by applying familiar categories to the text or to the work.
The answer is : let us wage a war on totality ; let us be witnesses to the unpresentable ; let us activate the differences and save the honor of the name.
Comments
We are in a slackening time! Yes, we are. But the conditions in different countries are crucially different. In those developed countries, the slackening implies the deconstruction of the totality project of modernity. However, in some east countries, the slackening may mean the withdraw to the time before enlightenment because they are still not enlightened enough. But some people should have equalized the problems of enlightenment to the problems of modernity. The problem of enlightenment is the mission of modernism. In contrast, the problem of modernity is the mission of postmodernism. When we confuse their distinction we will be on the wrong way to deal with problems that we are facing. For east society, it is crucially important to be clear what position they are in from the point of history.
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